What is Learning?

 

Learning

There are a number of different forms of learning as applied to artificial intelligence. The simplest is learning by trial and error. For example, a simple computer program for solving mate-in-one chess problems might try moves at random until mate is found. The program might then store the solution with the position so that the next time the computer encountered the same position it would recall the solution. This simple memorizing of individual items and procedures—known as rote learning—is relatively easy to implement on a computer. More challenging is the problem of implementing what is called generalization. Generalization involves applying past experience to analogous new situations. For example, a program that learns the past tense of regular English verbs by rote will not be able to produce the past tense of a word such as jump unless it previously had been presented with jumped, whereas a program that is able to generalize can learn the “add ed” rule and so form the past tense of jump based on experience with similar verbs.

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What Is Intelligence?

All but the simplest human behaviour is ascribed to intelligence, while even the most complicated insect behaviour is never taken as an indication of intelligence. What is the difference? Consider the behaviour of the digger wasp, Sphex ichneumoneus. When the female wasp returns to her burrow with food, she first deposits it on the threshold, checks for intruders inside her burrow, and only then, if the coast is clear, carries her food inside. The real nature of the wasp’s instinctual behaviour is revealed if the food is moved a few inches away from the entrance to her burrow while she is inside: on emerging, she will repeat the whole procedure as often as the food is displaced. Intelligence—conspicuously absent in the case of Sphex—must include the ability to adapt to new circumstances.
Psychologists generally do not characterize human intelligence by just one trait but by the combination of many diverse abilities. Research in AI has focused chiefly on the following components of intelligence: learning, reasoning, problem solving, perception, and using language.

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What is AI?

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. The term is frequently applied to the project of developing systems endowed with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize, or learn from past experience. Since the development of the digital computer in the 1940s, it has been demonstrated that computers can be programmed to carry out very complex tasks—as, for example, discovering proofs for mathematical theorems or playing chess—with great proficiency. Still, despite continuing advances in computer processing speed and memory capacity, there are as yet no programs that can match human flexibility over wider domains or in tasks requiring much everyday knowledge. On the other hand, some programs have attained the performance levels of human experts and professionals in performing certain specific tasks, so that artificial intelligence in this limited sense is found in applications as diverse as medical diagnosis, computer search engines, and voice or handwriting recognition.

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Why do we need AI ?

Why we need AI?

We people in today's world have been hearing the word artificial Intelligence.  But most of the people don’t know exactly what does this Artificial Intelligence means? and moreover why it is necessary in today's world. But today the people do not know that this Artificial Intelligence has been everywhere in today world. For every decade, the population is being increased in an unexpected way. And the hidden fact that we need to know is that we were already using the Artificial Intelligence. But the people still think that term is new and we need to apply. And the major reason for why do we need artificial Intelligence is that because of the population.

So do you think that population is the reason for involvement of Artificial Intelligence? Yes, because, the population is being increased day to day. And the requirements of the client is also the day-to-day. So today the organization cannot afford the on-demand client requirement in a stipulated amount of time. So in this scenario, they need an alternative to over the problem. The alternative, that we have today is that application of Artificial Intelligence. Click Artificial Intelligence Online Training to know how does it solve the problem.

Need for Artificial Intelligence :

Before going to know the need for Artificial Intelligence, let me first explain to you what is Artificial Intelligence?

Artificial Intelligence is the simulation of the human process by machines (computer systems). These processes include the learning, reasoning, and self-correction.

We need Artificial Intelligence (AI) because the work that we need to do is increasing day-to-day. So it’s a good idea to automate the routine work. This saves the manpower of the organization and also increases the productivity. Additionally, through this Artificial Intelligence, the company can also get the skilled the persons for the development of the company. Moreover the companies today think that they want to mechanize all the regular and routine work. And they think they can automate those regular works through the simple program Because, with the development of data science,  automation becomes more common. The application of this AI is majorly seen at website chat portal. You people when you come to the websites probably seen the welcome message. Then after actual conversation usually starts.

So this Powerful Artificial Intelligence has divided into 4 categories. So now let me explain to you  one by one :

Reactive machines :

A good example of this Reactive machines is Deep blue. And this is usually applied in Chess Board. This can identify the pieces of the chess board and make predictions. But the drawback is that it does not have memory. It means, it cannot use the past experiences to predict the future. So it just uses the current situation and just moves the pawn. It is intended for the application of a small situation. The situation could be handled within a moment itself.

Limited Memory :

Like the above type, this type of  Artificial Intelligence systems, need to bring practically. They think that these systems should have a self-awareness and must have a capability to understand the feeling of others

So finally , I would like conclude the application Artificial Intelligence with the following figure Why do we need Artificial Intelligence

Recommended Audience :

Software developers

Database Administrators

System Admins

Prerequisites:

There is nothing much prerequisites. It's good to have a basic knowledge of Data Structures & algorithms and basic knowledge of programming languages like python for the purpose of automation with some maths. But not mandatory.

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